Construction sites are dynamic, high-risk environments. While many hazards can be controlled or eliminated with the right training and safety practices, construction remains one of the most dangerous industries in Canada. Employers and workers alike have legal responsibilities under their province or territory’s occupational health and safety legislation to identify, assess, and control hazards that could lead to injury or illness.
Recognizing the most common hazards on site is the first step toward reducing risk and staying compliant with safety regulations.
Common Hazards in Construction Work
While every job site is different, these are among the most common threats to worker safety in construction settings:
1. Falls from Heights
Falls are one of the leading causes of injury and death in construction. This includes falls from ladders, scaffolding, roofs, and open edges. Fall protection training, proper use of guardrails, and personal protective equipment (PPE) are essential.
2. Electrical Hazards
Live wires, damaged equipment, and working near overhead power lines all pose serious electrical risks. Only qualified workers should handle electrical systems, and all equipment should be regularly inspected.
3. Struck-by Objects
Workers may be struck by moving vehicles, tools, or materials that fall from above. Wearing hard hats, using tool lanyards, and following safe material storage practices can reduce this risk.
4. Caught-in or Between Hazards
These injuries happen when a worker is caught in or crushed between equipment, structures, or materials. Clear procedures for machinery use and excavation safety are key.
5. Slips, Trips, and Falls
Uneven surfaces, poor housekeeping, and wet or icy conditions can all lead to slips and trips. Regular site inspections and good cleanup practices help maintain safe walkways.
6. Exposure to Hazardous Substances
Construction workers are often exposed to dust, chemicals, and other hazardous materials. This may lead to long-term health effects if proper ventilation and PPE are not in place.
7. Noise and Vibration
Excessive noise can damage hearing over time, while prolonged exposure to vibration from tools and equipment can cause hand-arm vibration syndrome or musculoskeletal injuries.
8. Repetitive Strain and Overexertion
Heavy lifting, awkward postures, and repetitive tasks can lead to soft tissue injuries. Ergonomic practices and regular breaks can help manage this risk.
9. Poor Weather Conditions
Cold, heat, rain, and lightning all create unique hazards on construction sites. Planning for weather-related risks is part of every employer’s duty under the OHSA.
10. Lack of Training or Supervision
Untrained or unsupervised workers are more likely to take unsafe shortcuts or misuse equipment. Ongoing training and proper orientation for all workers are legal and practical requirements.
Building a Safer Site
Hazard awareness is only one part of a strong construction health and safety program. Employers must also:
- Conduct regular risk assessments
- Maintain and enforce safe work procedures
- Provide site-specific safety orientations
- Offer ongoing training and supervision
- Make sure PPE is available and used properly
All Canadian workers also have the right to know, the right to participate, and the right to refuse unsafe work under health and safety laws. Supporting a strong internal responsibility system helps ensure that everyone contributes to keeping the site safe.
Need help creating or updating your construction health and safety program?
We provide employers with practical tools, training, and documentation to meet legal requirements and keep workers safe. From hazard assessments to site-specific safety plans, we’re here to support your compliance goals.
Contact us today to get started.
